> On the other side one might argue that vat hurts specially the poorest sectors of society, and by taxing essential goods like literal food that people have no option but to buy, the government is increasing poverty.
No, progressive tax scale only creates more problems. I worked in HoReCa as sysadmin for 3 years and seen some shit.
In Russia there pretty wacky VAT scale.
First of all there three most common Tax Systems:
> General Tax System
You pay 0%-20% VAT, depends of types of goods you sell.
Zero for transit sales and some exceptions like goods for cosmonautics
10% for some food and basic clothing
> Simplifed Tax System
Zero VAT. But you pay 6% of income or 15% of income minus expense, depends of your income. Limited by 450 millions rubles of income.
> Patent Tax System
You pay fixed fee (depends of region) but only limited it 2.4 millions rubles of income.
And here comes the tax evasion: many restaurants in Moscow tries to accept cash illegally.
Oh, sorry, Herr Bernd, but we can't accept cards right now, our system broke, can you pay in cash?
Remember I mentioned "15% of income minus expense"? My colleague provided to one restaurant "consulting services" to lower their tax base.
What I'm trying to say? Progressive tax rates do not create equality and some kind of fairness, they create stimulus to avoid taxes.